January 31, 2015
Teens Speak Up About Their Parents
Teens Speak Up About Their Parents' Driving Anyone who takes a close look at
traffic safety in America knows a lot about the unique risks posed by teen
drivers. Concerns about teen drivers are valid based partly on their
inexperience, but a new study conducted by Liberty Mutual Insurance and SADD
(Students Against Destructive Decisions) finds that teens are not the only
culprits when it comes to making risky driving decisions. The study found that
parents engage in the same dangerous driving behaviors - including driving
without a seat belt, texting while driving and driving under the influence --
that they warn their children against. Results of the study showed that 83
percent of teens surveyed report that their parents are engaging in unsafe
driving behaviors in front of them. And these teens speak up -- 60 percent
reported that they have asked their parents to change the bad habits they
witnessed and drive more safely. Alarmingly, just over 40 percent of those teens
said that even after they spoke up their parents refused to improve behaviors.
Some parents (28 percent) even justify why they should continue to engage in
these unsafe behaviors behind the wheel. When it comes to practicing what you
preach, there are many parents that just don't follow the advice they bestow on
their teens - and these results point to how hard these habits can be to break ds708
update price. Additionally, disconnect on distracted driving is real: most
teens know the facts and recognize that certain behaviors are distracting and
dangerous while driving - yet admit to participating in those behaviors
nonetheless. The same disconnect is found with parents of teens, for example, 58
percent of teens surveyed reported that their parents text while driving, but
only 40 percent of parents admitted to texting while driving. Risky mobile
device usage on the road is a widespread problem MaxiDiag
Elite MD703, and is not confined just to young drivers. "While parents may
think they're setting a good example for their teens, these new findings suggest
that some parents engage in unsafe driving habits more often than they might
admit," said Dave Melton, driving safety expert with Liberty Mutual Insurance
and managing director of global safety. "Research shows that teens often
replicate their parents' poor driving behaviors, so it's critical for the safety
of everyone on the road that parents be a model for responsible driving whenever
they are behind the wheel."
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January 30, 2015
Tire "health" and also the pressure is inseparable
Tire "health" and also the pressure is inseparable When driving the vehicle,
"health" and pneumatic inseparable, tire pressure may cause abnormal tire put on
in your area, handling reduced comfort, elevated fuel consumption along with
other problems with the tire autel
maxidiag elite md802 update, leading to a puncture. So keep your standard
real-time monitoring tire pressure and tire pressure changes, is paramount to
stopping puncture. With the rise in the highway, the vehicle on the highway
speed can also be faster autel
ms908. High temps produced at high-speed may cause abnormal tire pressure.
Tire original discharge the environment full of dry nitrogen, could be a very
long time to keep an ordinary tire. Because nitrogen is definitely an inert gas,
low coefficient of expansion, not easily change with temperature changes, you
are able to prevent a puncture. Further, since moisture-free nitrogen, may
retard the oxidation rate from the inner wall from the tire. After driving for a
while, you will see vehicle deviation, controls heavy. Tire put on unilateral
problem that is triggered by wheel alignment position offset. This time around
to handle the vehicle wheel alignment testing, for example outdoors the
allowable range, makes changes immediately. Alternative of tires, wheels or
wheel experienced an enormous hit, it can result in uneven distribution of mass
from the wheel, and also the controls will shake the sensation when driving the
automobile bumps, swing, but additionally result in growing tire put on. To get
rid of this problem, it will be completed to the wheel balancing. Additionally,
experts have cautioned the vehicle proprietors need to fix the slam around the
brakes, sharp turns, ramp up other bad driving habits to lessen tire put on and
extend tire existence. For the utmost safety, additionally to checking tire
pressure and tread, the tire surface proprietors should give consideration as to
whether the next problems: 1, the thread is cracking. Tire rubber will harden
after aging, cracking, which signifies which tire to exchange the limit
continues to be arrived at, the tire grip decreased, and cracking while driving
part is simple to exterior shocks because of puncture and rupture. 2, the tread
is cut or tie tack. These will probably create a flat tire puncture and finally,
otherwise timely inspection discovered that will end up a security hazard. 3,
following the tires happen to be hit, the tread ought to be checked whether or
not they drum kits. When the drum package which signifies sidewall continues to
be damaged, there's always the chance puncture. Some vehicle diagnostic tools
will help you test out your vehicle on your own, for example: Autel MaxiTPMS
TS501, Launch GDS, Autel Maxisys pro and so on. If you would like know some
vehicle repair information, please click on the below information: Better
Website
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I'm going to return once agaon since I
book-marked it. Money and freedom is thee best way to
change, may you be rich and continue to help others.January 29, 2015
Best Automotive Air Filters
Best Automotive Air Filters When choosing an automotive air filter most people
have one of two things on their mind;increasing the level or performance or
durability that their air filter provides,or making sure that the air filter
they install follows the exact OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)
specifications. For both types of driver,it's a good idea to do a comparison
between different types of filters that are currently available on the market.
Performance Filters Performance filters are designed specifically to increase
airflow over the stock air filter. This increases the amount of air that the
engine can pull in at any one time,which helps the car perform better. K&N
is the most well-known brand of performance air filters. K&N offers a
comprehensive line of air filters and intake accessories for a wide variety of
automobiles. They are known for having the utmost quality and reliability. It's
very likely that you can find a performance filter manufactured by K&N that
will fit your specific vehicle make and model. Another common brand of
performance air filters is the"Air Hog"line manufactured by Fram. Air Hog
filters haven't been around as long as K&N,and they may not be as easy to
find in your specific application. However they have received excellent marks in
quality and reliability. In addition,they are manufactured by Fram,who is an
established manufacturer of quality air filters. These days it's easy to find
plenty of off brand air filters as well. It's probably a better decision to go
with a reputable manufacturer like K&N or Fram;your filter is protecting
your engine from damage ds708
update price,and you don't want to trust that to just any product. Another
plus of this type of filter is that they are made to be washed and re-used
several times;which means that you don't have to keep buying new ones,and saves
disposable filters from ending up in landfills. When using a reusable
filter,make sure that you check and clean your filter on the same schedule that
would apply for filter replacement. Look in your owner's manual to find out how
often this needs to be done. The two biggest downsides of this type of filter is
their cost and the fact that they could interfere with your manufacturer's
warranty if they require modifications to install. They will hit your wallet for
several times the amount it would cost you to buy a standard air filter. OEM
Replacement Filters Most consumers will opt for the simple option of using an
filter that directly replaces the one their vehicle came with originally. The
good news is that the requirements put on OEM replacement filters are much more
stringent than those put on performance filters. That means that virtually any
filter that is sold as an OEM replacement has to follow specific guidelines.
Some well known and reliable brands are Fram are Bosch,but any filter offered as
an OEM replacement in a reputable auto repair store is required to meet the
specifications put out by your car's manufacturer. Related Questions and Answers
What are Common Things to Encounter when Cleaning a Car Air Filter? When you are
cleaning your car air filter,here are a few tips to remember. Clean your air
filter every 5,000 miles or so. But ensure that you are using a reusable
filter,as paper filters are meant to be discarded. The foremost sign of a dirty
car filter is higher gas consumption on your car maxidas
ds708 update. The car also appears sluggish and the exhaust pipe darkens
very fast. On starting your car,you can smell fuel inside the car. Do not clean
your filter more than 25 times,as the cotton fibers in the filters usually give
out by 1,000,000 miles. Cleaning the filter will not work now. Is a K&N Air
Filter Cleaner Required to Clean a K&N Air Filter? As a precaution,it's
always best to use matched K&N air filter cleaner accessories on your air
filters. This ensures that your filter lasts longer and works better too. Most
of the branded products from K&N are made of special non-detergent based
products that will not harm the filter. Additionally,you should not use
petroleum based products that will harm the filter. Although you can use
ordinary detergent to clean the filter,it should be completely rinsed out. This
is very difficult to do and leaving detergent inside the filter can damage it.
After drying the filter,remember to re-oil it well. How much do Performance Car
Air Filters Boost Horsepower? Performance car air filters are specially made for
high horsepower cars. Ordinary air filters have twists and turns that can filter
air better,but performance filters reduce this restriction of air flow.
Increased oxygen means better combustion and more energy. Most of these high
performance filters can be really expensive,but they are worth the improved
performance. Improved air flow through the car in the form of polished intake
manifolds and bigger air filters can really speed up your car. Most air filters
are accepted in every state,but check before installation.
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January 28, 2015
Should you fill your tires with Nitrogen
Should You Fill Your Car's Tires With Nitrogen? Nitrogen is used to fill tires
for racecars and airplanes, but isn't really practical in ordinary A member of
the Dodge Challenger owners' forum was buying a new car from a dealer and
noticed green valve-stem caps on all four tires. The salesman told him that the
tires had been filled with nitrogen, which would keep the tire pressure and
temperature more consistent and that it would prevent tire rot from the inside
out. It wasn't a free add-on, though. The "nitrogen upgrade" was a $69 item on
the supplemental window sticker. Another forum member later posted that his
dealer was charging $179 for this same "upgrade."Some dealerships and tire
stores claim that filling your tires with nitrogen will save you money on gas
while offering better performance than air. But a closer look reveals that
nitrogen has few benefits and much higher costs. For starters, a typical
nitrogen fill-up will cost you about $6 per Nitrogen? The Get Nitrogen Institute
Web site says that with nitrogen tire inflation ds708
update cost, drivers will note improvements in a vehicle's handling, fuel
efficiency and tire life. All this is achieved through better tire-pressure
retention, improved fuel economy and cooler-running tire temperatures, the
institute sounds great in theory but let's take a closer look at each of those
claims. Better tire-pressure retention: Over time, a tire will gradually lose
pressure. Changes in temperature will accelerate this. The general rule of thumb
is a loss of 1 psi for every 10-degree rise or fall in temperature. The
institute says that nitrogen has a more stable pressure, since it has larger
molecules than oxygen that are less likely to seep through the permeable tire
walls. In 2006, Consumer Reports conducted a year-long study to determine how
much air loss was experienced in tires filled with nitrogen versus those filled
with air. The results showed that nitrogen did reduce pressure loss over time,
but it was only a psi difference from air-filled tires. Among 31 pairs of tires,
the average loss of air-filled tires was psi from the initial 30 psi setting.
Nitrogen-filled tires lost an average of psi from the initial setting. Nitrogen
won the test, but not by a significant margin. Improved fuel economy: The EPA
says that under-inflated tires can lower gas mileage by percent for every 1 psi
drop in pressure of all four tires. The theory is that since nitrogen loses
pressure at a slower rate than air, you are more likely to be at the correct psi
and therefore get better fuel economy. If you are proactive and check your tire
pressure at least once a month, you can offset this difference with free air,
and you won't need expensive nitrogen. We think this invalidates the "better
fuel economy with nitrogen" argument. For many people, however, this kind of
maintenance is easier said than done. Most people either forget to regularly
check and top off their tires, or never learned how to do it in the first place.
Even Edmunds employees (typically a pretty car-savvy group) were under-inflating
or over-inflating their tires, according to a tire-pressure study we conducted a
few years ago. And though tire-pressure monitoring systems (TPMS) now come
standard on cars, a 2009 National Highway Transportation Safety Administration
(NHTSA) study found that only 57 percent of vehicles with TPMS had the correct
tire pressure. That's because most systems are only meant to signal that a tire
has very low pressure, not to show that the pressure is optimal. Cooler running
temperatures: When air is pressurized, the humidity in it condenses to a liquid
and collects in the air storage tank you use at the local gas station. When you
add compressed air to the tire, the water comes along for the ride. As the tire
heats up during driving, that water changes to a gas, which then expands,
increasing tire pressure. Because nitrogen is dry, there is no water in the tire
to contribute to pressure fluctuations. But this fluctuation in temperature
isn't as significant as you might think. A 2008 ExxonMobil study plotted the
changes in temperature over the course of various inflation pressures. The lines
on the graph were virtually on top of each other. In other words, the change in
temperature when using nitrogen was negligible. Prevent wheel rot: Nitrogen
proponents will also point out that water in a tire can lead to wheel rot. A
tire engineer who anonymously maintains Barry's Tire Tech, a blog on a number of
tire issues, says this isn't really a problem with modern cars. "Alloy wheels
don't really have a problem with water inside the tire," the engineer writes in
a post on nitrogen inflation. "They are coated to keep aluminum from forming
aluminum oxide, which forms a crust, which isn't very attractive. But even then,
this crust protects the aluminum from further corrosion from the water." Where
wheels have problems is when the aluminum alloy contacts steel, such as the
steel spring clip used on wheel weights. It's a particular issue when salt is
present, the engineer writes. "But this problem is totally independent of the
inflation gas," he says. "Steel wheels only have a problem if the paint is
damaged." Cost and Convenience Let's say a person bought a set of tires at
Costco, a place that uses nitrogen to fill all the tires they sell. If he needs
to top off the tires with more nitrogen, he won't be able to go to just any gas
station. He can use regular air if there is nothing else available, but that
would dilute the nitrogen in the tires. He'll have to go back to Costco and wait
until the tire technicians can attend to the car. On a busy day, he could be
there is free at Costco and at some car dealerships we called, but these are
rare cases. We called a number of tire shops that carry nitrogen and found that
the prices for a nitrogen fill ranged from $5-$7 per tire. Assuming our consumer
was diligent about checking his tires monthly, he could potentially spend about
$84 a year on nitrogen alone per tire. Compare that to the most gas stations,
where air is free or a 75-cent fill-up for all four tires at the tire shops with
nitrogen could be an issue, too. We called a number of large chains, including
America's Tire Co., Discount Tire and Walmart. None carried Nitrogen Worth It?
The air we breathe is made up of 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen and a
few other elements. To get the desired benefits for tires, nitrogen needs to be
at least 93 percent pure, according to nitrogen service equipment providers
quoted on . So we're basically talking about adding an extra 15 percent of
nitrogen and getting rid of as much oxygen as on cost, convenience and actual
performance benefit, we don't think nitrogen is worth it. A much better use of
your money would be to buy a good tire-pressure gauge and check your tires
frequently. This is a good idea even if you have a tire-pressure monitoring
system in your vehicle. The warning lights aren't required to come on until you
have less than 25 percent of the recommended tire pressure. Having the correct
tire pressure will get you many of the benefits of using nitrogen and will
ensure that your tires last longer autel
ms509.
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January 27, 2015
Several things of car maintenance have to note
Several things of car maintenance have to note Taking into consideration the
present situation in the global financial market, it's no surprise the cost of
items or services is continually raising. Quite naturally, vehicle maintenance
expenses may also be constantly growing. Even though the cost of auto
maintenance is often hard to accept, neglecting regularly scheduled exams could
cause more pricey issues with time. According to expert vehicle mechanics,
stalling maintenance is considered the most typical mistakes committed by
vehicle entrepreneurs. Following really are a handful of grave auto maintenance
blunders along with what you need to do to avoid them from doing harm to your
bank account. Irregular oil alternative Every vehicle, no matter what age or new
it's, needs oil alternative at regular time occasions. It becomes an important
part of the regular vehicle maintenance schedule layer out inside the user
guide. The producer might indicate altering the fuel at definite time occasions autel
ms908p. This generally happens every six several days or each time a fuel
screening sensor signifies the oil is grubby. So, you have to consider the oil
at frequent occasions of your energy. The consumer guide may be the car's bible
as well as offer you apparent particulars about when to get the fuel
transformed. Once you understanding the precise timing, attempt to think about
your automobile with a vehicle diagnostic tool. Irregular tire pressure testing
Your car is basically based on your wheels. Before long by, tires often
eliminate pressure. You'll find several unwanted effects of low tire pressure.
Besides making your vehicle harmful and unstable on the road, it enhances your
fuel expenses. Additionally, the tires frequently placed on out faster, which
make you purchase pricey tire alternative. Besides, low tire pressure damages
suspension autel
ms609, steering, together with other areas, which cause pricey repairs.
However, it will save you such heavy cost by testing tire pressure at frequent
occasions. Neglecting brake, coolant, transmission together with other fluids
Although oil is essential for the proper functioning from the engine, you need
to consider other vehicle fluids too. The consumer guide should demonstrate
vehicle procedure for how often these fluids need alternative. Regular delay or
neglecting them altogether could cause massive damage, not only to the
particular mechanical part but with other vehicle components too. This'll
produce a huge auto repair bill. So, maintenance is certainly a lot better than
repair works. Remember, prevention is certainly a lot better than cure. Even
though you will get to take a position a lot on tune-ups and maintenance, it'll
certainly repay you with time. Some vehicle diagnostic tools will help you
maintenance your vehicle on your own well, additionally, it cannot waste time
and cash, for example: Autel MaxiTPMS TS501, Launch GDS, Autel Maxisys pro and
so on. If you would like learn more about vehicle maintenance, please click on
the below information: Better Website
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January 26, 2015
5 Ways To Save Money On Auto Repairs
5 Ways To Save Money On Auto Repairs Copyright 1. Take Your Car Back To The
Dealer for Free Repairs If It Is Still Under Warranty. All new vehicles come
with a three year or 36,000 mile (which ever comes first from date of
manufacture) bumper-to-bumper warranty that covers most almost everything
(except "wear" items like brake pads). But some new cars have much longer
warranties. For warranty coverage information on your vehicle ds708
update, Click Here. Many late model vehicles also have extended powertrain
warranties that may go 5 years to 10 years or 100,000 miles, or even lifetime!
So check your warranty coverage to see if you may be entitled to free repairs at
your dealership. 2. Take Your Car To An Independent Repair Shop When It Is Out
Of Warranty. Many dealers provide great service, but they are also expensive.
The average labor rate is typically around $90 to $100 ore more per hour, and
the price for original equipment replacement parts is usually much higher than
comparable aftermarket replacement parts. Independent repair shops can often do
the same repairs for less labor and parts expense. Click Here for a list of
independent repair shop resources. But make sure the shop has qualified
technicians and that they are using up-to-date scan tool software and other
service equipment. You can also specify if you want OEM replacement parts or
aftermarket parts (new or remanufactured). Remanufactured parts can usually save
you even more money, provided they are from a quality supplier and are backed by
a one year or longer warranty. for more information about aftermarket
remanufactured and rebuilt parts, Click Here. 3. Fix It Yourself - If You Can
Many maintenance and auto repair jobs are still simple enough that you can do
them yourself. This includes changing spark plugs, filters, belts, hoses, brake
pads, sensors and many other parts. Some of these job may require special tools,
and in every case accurate diagnose of a problem should always be made before
any parts are replaced. Guessing at the cause of a problem can get very
expensive if you don't really know what the problem is and keep replacing parts
hoping this or that will fix the fault. 4. Don't Fix It Yourself If You Can't
Trying to repair a problem that is beyond your capabilities can sometimes end up
costing you more than taking your car or truck to a dealer or a repair shop and
paying them to diagnose and repair it for you. Yes, everybody wants to save
money. But if you are not sure what you are doing, or you don't have the proper
tools or know-how, you can screw up a lot of things that can be expensive to
fix. It will often be cheaper to pay somebody else to fix your car for you. 5.
Get Rid of Your Car Before It Starts Costing You a Lot of Money This is the most
important tip of all. Though we may dearly love our old car or truck (especially
if your car or truck is paid for), it is NOT going to last forever without a lot
of repair expense autel
md802. After so many miles and years, component parts start to wear out,
break and fail. The trick to saving money on repairs is to sell or trade your
old vehicle before it reaches the point where it is going to break your budget
to keep it running. Major repairs like a transmission or engine can be budget
breakers. The repairs often cost more than the vehicle is worth. Changing your
oil, other fluids and filters regularly can help prolong the life of the engine
(and maybe the transmission, too). But even highly maintained vehicles
eventually reach the point where parts start to fail. The parts most likely to
need replacing include the battery, alternator, water pump, fuel pump, brake
calipers and rotors, electronic modules (of which there are many on late model
vehicles), various sensors (oxygen, throttle position, mass airflow, etc.),
catalytic converters, exhaust pipes and mufflers. None of these components by
themselves are budget busters, though some parts and modules can easily cost
several hundred dollars or more apiece!. It's when you start adding up multiple
repairs and repeat repairs that the cost of keeping your old car running starts
to make less and less sense. For more information about how much repairs can
cost, Click Here. So when should you get rid of your wheels? My advice is to
sell or trade your old car or truck before the odometer turns 80,000 to 100,000
miles (less if most of your driving is in stop-and-go city traffic, or more if
most of your driving is done on the open highway). Or, get rid of it when it
reaches its 8th birthday. It might still be running good and may have not cost
you a dime yet in repairs, but that isn't going to last. The odds of an
expensive repair hitting you sooner rather than later are going up sharply the
longer you wait.
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January 24, 2015
Most Common Traffic Violations
Most Common Traffic Violations In 2002, the National Highway Safety
Administration (NHSA) conducted a study on the driving-age public's attitudes
and behaviors about speeding and unsafe or aggressive driving. In that survey, a
nationally representative sample of drivers ages 16 and older were asked about
their views on driving as well as what traffic laws they violated most
frequently. Speeding Speeding was the most frequently reported traffic
violation, with 75 percent of survey takers claiming that they had speed on all
types of roads within the previous month. Eighty percent of younger drivers
reported speeding monthly on all types of roads, compared to 60 percent of
drivers ages 65 and older. Therefore, speeding is clearly not just a problem of
youth. The survey also reported that men are 50 times more likely to speed than
women. Second and Third Two other traffic violations also are ranked highly in
the survey. Forty percent of surveyed drivers reported that they "at least
sometimes" entered an intersection just as the light turned from yellow to red autel
maxisys mini. Thirty percent reported that they made rolling stops at stop
signs "at least sometimes," as well. Both of these violations are dangerous
because they put the driver at a risk of being hit by another vehicle traveling
at a perpendicular angle. Fourth and Fifth The next two most highly reported
traffic violations do not near the percentages of the first three; however, the
numbers were still significant enough that the National Highway Safety
Administration reported them in its findings. Twelve percent of drivers reported
making insulting, obscene or angry gestures towards another driver, and 10
percent of drivers reported cutting in front of other drivers. Both of these
actions were categorized as occurring "at least sometimes." Younger Drivers
Drivers under the age of 21 are more likely to engage in some of these behaviors
than older drivers autel
maxidiag elite md802 update. Twenty nine percent of drivers in this age
group reported cutting in front of other drivers, and 24 percent reported being
hostile towards other drivers. Furthermore, 17 percent of drivers in this age
group reported that they would drive on the shoulder in order to pass other cars
if they were sitting in heavy traffic.
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January 21, 2015
A new diagnostic tool
A new diagnostic tool For those who have learned about the OBDII but have no
clue what it's does for you personally inside your daily existence, you have
started to the best place. Made legally compulsory, today OBD or On-Board
Diagnostics are seen as a ubiquitous feature in many cars and lightweight
trucks. Let's take an in-depth tour into the way the OBDII allows us to with
this automobile. By having an intention to satisfy the Environment Protection
Agency or Environmental protection agency emission standards, since seventies,
most vehicle producers around the globe happen to be using these latest
electronic measures. The OBDII allows you to control in addition to identify
everything associated with fundamental exhaust within the vehicle. Through the
years, these instruments have grown to be more urbane and also the modern OBDs
are setting modish standards. Causing another trend within the automotive
industry, fraxel treatments struck an immediate cord using the people.
Introduced within the mid-90s, the OBDII was an enhancement towards the
vehicle's self-diagnostic and confirming competence. Permitting vehicle
proprietors and repairing technicians' entree to current details about health
from the vehicle, these diagnostic devices found existence with on-board vehicle
computer systems autel
maxisys pro ms908p. Where earlier they'd only illuminate to indicate a
malfunction defect, today these leading edge technology instruments supply you
with the exact cause or character from the glitch. An improvement difference
within the earlier models, the OBDII gives you superior potential and
standardization. The improving is seen with regards to the kind of diagnostic
connector and it is pin out, the texting format along with the electrical
signaling modus operandi available. You'll get an entire listing of elements
accustomed to monitor the automobile. Together with that, additionally they
provide you with use of information which makes encoding of information for
every of these parameter possible. The OBDII has greatly enhanced the factors
for that automotive world now it enables a complete positive treatment for your
car's engine in addition to areas of the chassis, body and also the accessory
products too. Additionally, it enables you to definitely manage the diagnostic
control network from the vehicle too autel
maxidiag elite md802. Supplying you use of real-time data, the current OBDII
enables you to definitely identify such Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC). Quite
simply, the OBDII allows you to identify these efficient DTC codes and quickly
identify in addition to restore malfunctions inside the vehicle. By having an
OBDII in position, your trip will certainly trigger on the smooth sail! There
are some good car diagnostic tools, such as: Launch X431 Scanner, Launch CRP129
and Autel MD802 Scanner. It can help you easily test your car by yourself and it
also can supply the solution of the simple car problem. Is a save time and money
way to repair car.
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January 20, 2015
Cooling System Auto Maintenance
Cooling System Auto Maintenance Categories: My Car It is recommended that a
seven (7)-point preventative cooling system maintenance check be performed at
least once every two years. Consult your vehicle owners manual for specific auto
guidelines. This inspection is designed to identify areas that need attention,
and consists of: * a visual inspection of all cooling system components,
including belts and hoses * a radiator cap pressure test to check for the
recommended system pressure level * a thermostat check for proper opening and
closing * a pressure test to identify any external leaks to the cooling system
parts; including the radiator, water pump, engine coolant passages, radiator and
heater hoses and heater core * an internal leak test to check for combustion gas
leakage into the cooling system * an engine cooling fan test for proper
operation Cooling System Operation Antifreeze/Coolant The main function of the
Cooling System is to carry heat away from the engine and maintain the desired
operating temperature autel
maxisys mini. This is accomplished by circulating antifreeze/coolant through
the engine, where heat is generated, and carrying it to the radiator to be
cooled. Modern automobiles operate in a wide variety of ambient temperatures,
from well below freezing to well over 100 F. The fluid used to cool the engine
must have a very low freezing point, a high boiling point, and it must have the
ability to transfer heat. An adequate amount of an antifreeze/coolant and water
mixture is necessary to reduce the possibility of engine overheating and
freezing, and contain additives to prevent rust and corrosion in the cooling
system. Water is one of the most effective fluids for holding heat, but water
freezes at too high a temperature to be used in automobile engines alone. The
fluid used in most vehicles is a mixture of water and ethylene glycol, also
known as "antifreeze" or "coolant". By adding antifreeze to water, the boiling
and freezing points are improved significantly. The temperature of the coolant
can sometimes reach 250 to 275 F (121 to 135 C). Even with antifreeze added,
these temperatures would boil the coolant. To prevent this, the cooling system
is pressurized, which further raises the boiling point of the coolant. Most
systems have around 14 to 15 pounds per square inch (psi), which raises the
boiling point approximately 45 F so the coolant can endure the high temperatures
produced in the engine. Coolant Hoses The radiator hoses and heater hoses are
easily inspected by opening the hood and looking. You want to be sure that the
hoses have no cracking or splitting and that there is no bulging or swelling at
the ends. If there are any signs of problems, the hose should be replaced with
the correct part number for the year, make, model and engine of the vehicle.
Never use a universal hose unless it is an emergency and a proper molded hose is
not available. For either the radiator hoses or the heater hoses, make sure that
you route the replacement hose in the same way that the original hose was
running. Position the hose away from any obstruction that can possibly damage it
and always use new hose clamps. After the cooling system is refilled with the
proper coolant mixture, a pressure test should be performed to ensure that there
are no leaks. Belts On most older vehicles, the water pump is driven by either a
V belt or serpentine belt on the front of the engine that is also responsible
for driving the alternator, power steering pump and air conditioner compressor.
These types of belts are easy to inspect and replace if they are worn. Check for
dry cracking on the inside surface of the belt. On newer vehicles, the water
pump is often driven by the timing belt. This belt usually has a specific life
expectancy at which time it must be replaced to insure that it does not fail.
Since the timing belt is inside the engine and will require partial engine
disassembly to inspect, it is very important to replace the timing belt at the
scheduled interval. Things to watch for * Check antifreeze/coolant level
monthly. Only use a 50/50 solution of anti-freeze/coolant and water. * Water
quality plays an important role in protecting the cooling system. A high mineral
content may cause scaling or corrosion. Deionized or distilled water should be
used in 50/50 solution * CAUTION: Do not remove the radiator pressure cap when
the engine is HOT ds708
update. * Inspect belts monthly. Replace belts that are worn, frayed or
glazed. Adjust belts when more than 1/2 inch can be depressed between the
pulleys. * Belts with spring-loaded tensioners do not require manual
adjustments. * Replace bulging, rotten, or brittle hoses and tighten hose
clamps. If a hose looks bad or feels too soft or too hard, it should be
replaced.
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January 19, 2015
How to Troubleshoot an Audiovox DVD Player
How to Troubleshoot an Audiovox DVD Player Among other products autel
maxisys, Audiovox produces portable and auto DVD players with accompanying
LCD viewing screens. Over time, various glitches and issues can arise while
operating these devices, partially due to the motion and jostling that comes
with using portable players. These issues can include problems with the picture
and sound, skipping or freezing of the disc during playback, or the device
shutting down without prompting. Taking basic steps to remedy these issues on
your own can often make a difference, and will not void any warranty you may
have. Instructions 1. Ensure that the battery has a charge or that the power
adapter you are using is connected securely to the player and plugged into
either the wall outlet or car cigarette lighter if the player will not power on
when you press the "Power" button. When charging, the red indicator light will
turn off when the battery is fully charged. Recharge the battery at least every
two months during periods of infrequent use to maintain its optimal performance.
2. Check to see that the volume control is turned up and that any headphones or
auxiliary cables are securely connected to the appropriate jack if there is no
sound during playback or if the sound is distorted. 3. Check the disc itself if
the picture is distorted during playback or the disc will not play. Look for any
physical damage to the disc and remove any minor smudges or scratches. Ensure
that the disc is compatible if the player refuses to recognize it. The disc must
be Region 1 (for DVDs) and in DVD, CD, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD +/-R or DVD +/-RW
format. Stabilize the unit as much as possible if sudden movements cause
playback to stop. 4. Wait before pressing a button again if pressing that button
causes the "Hand" icon to appear. This icon signifies that a particular feature
is restricted by the disc or not available on that particular disc at that time,
including a title, chapter or angle command. And, pressing the "Fast Forward" or
"Next Chapter" button will not work during the warnings and information that
appear at the start of playback; this does not denote a problem with the player.
5. Allow the player to dry out before using if condensation occurs, which can
happen when the player is exposed to water or other liquids or has been
transported from an overly cold to an overly hot environment. Also, avoid
leaving the player in temperatures above 122 degrees Fahrenheit maxidiag
elite md802 updates, such as an automobile or its trunk in hot weather, for
an extended period of time as that may damage the battery and charging system.
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January 16, 2015
Brake Failure
Brake Failure: No Brakes! Copyright AA1Car maxidiag
elite md802. . What's one of the scariest things that can happen while
driving a car. How about No Brakes! Brake failure can occur without warning. You
stomp down on the brake pedal to apply the brakes and nothing is there. The
pedal goes all the way to the floor and there are no brakes. What can you do?
Scream? Pray? Try pumping the brake pedal as fast as you can. It might generate
enough pressure to apply the brakes and stop your car. If nothing happens, apply
the parking (emergency) brake as hard as you can. It should start to slow your
vehicle immediately. If you can't react quickly enough and are in danger of
crashing into another vehicle, look for a way to avoid the collision. Blare your
horn and try to steer your way around other vehicles or obstacles. Eventually
your vehicle will coast to a stop. Pull over to the side of the road, shut the
engine off, put the transmission into Park (or leave it in gear if it is a
stick), set the parking brake and call for help. DO NOT attempt to drive your
car until the problem that caused your brakes to fail has been diagnosed and
repaired. Possible Causes of No Brakes (Brake Failure) One of the most likely
causes of no brakes is loss of fluid pressure in your brake system. The brakes
operate using hydraulic pressure, so if there is a fluid leak in a brake line,
brake hose, wheel cylinder or caliper, there may not be enough fluid pressure in
the lines to apply the brakes. When a serious leak occurs, the red BRAKE Warning
Light should come on when you apply the brakes. This is to warn you that that
has been a loss of pressure in part of your brake system and that your vehicle
may be unsafe to drive in its present condition. Check the fluid level in the
master cylinder reservoir. If the reservoir is extremely low or dry, you have a
serious brake fluid leak. The entire brake system needs to be inspected for
leaks so the fluid leak can be found the fixed. Sudden fluid loss can occur if a
rubber brake hose cracks or breaks, or if a steel brake line rusts through.
Rusty steel brake lines are common on older vehicles that are exposed to lots of
road salt and moisture. Salt can be very corrosive, especially if the
anti-corrosion coating on the steel brake lines is thin or of poor quality. Once
the rust eats through the line, you have a brake line failure as the fluid blows
out and you lose your brakes. If the brake pedal goes all the way to the floor
when you apply the brakes, another cause might be severely worn brake linings.
Or, air in your brake lines, which would require bleeding the lines to get rid
of the air. Another possible cause of brake failure might be a faulty ABS
modulator that is leaking brake pressure internally and is not routing pressure
to the brakes when you step on the pedal autel
ds708 update. This has been a known problem on older Ford and GM pickup
trucks with rear-wheel Kelsey-Hayes antilock brakes. Dirt or rust in the brake
system can enter the modulator and prevent the spring-loaded accumulator valve
from closing, allowing the modular to leak internally. Another possibility would
be a bad Master Brake Cylinder. If the piston seals inside the master cylinder
are worn or damaged and are not applying pressure when you push on the brake
pedal. A faulty power brake booster that is not providing much if any power
assisted braking will increase pedal effort, but it will not cause the brakes to
fail. You just have to push on the pedal much harder than normal to stop your
car. Brake fade and/or brake fluid boil are other conditions that may occur as a
result of the brakes getting too hot (often as a result of mountain driving,
driving aggressively, racing or riding the brakes for a long period of time. As
heat builds up in the brake linings, it takes more and more pressure to achieve
the same friction and braking force when the brakes are applied. The pedal may
remain firm but the brakes just don't seem to have much stopping power when you
apply them. The fix for this condition is to slow down and give the brakes a
chance to cool. Hot brakes may also cause the fluid inside the front calipers to
boil. This forms a steam pocket that may increase pedal travel to the point
where there is not enough pedal travel to apply the brakes. Pumping the brakes
may help in this situation.
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January 15, 2015
How to Make Your Own Portable DVD Player Holder for Your Car
How to Make Your Own Portable DVD Player Holder for Your Car A portable DVD
player lets a DVD be viewed wherever you might go, thanks to its built-in LCD
screen and battery-powered operation. You can make a holder for a portable DVD
player that will let the passengers in the back seat of your car be entertained
while in transit or during a ride. A few supplies from a hardware store or hobby
shop will be needed, but no tools that could cause damage to the car. The holder
will keep the portable DVD player in position when it is used and will allow it
to be removed when you exit the car so it can be placed in the trunk for
safekeeping. Things you'll need Bendable twist-ties Bonding glue Velcro hooking
pad strip Velcro pad strip Bath towel Ruler Grease pencil Instructions 1. Hold a
bendable twist tie horizontally between both hands. Get into the back of the car
and sit behind the front passenger seat. Wrap the twist tie around the headrest
of the passenger seat. Push the end of the twist tie through the locking tab and
pull it back in the other direction to secure it around the headrest. 2. Apply a
line of bonding glue to the side of the twist tie that is facing you autel
maxidiag elite md802. Press a strip of Velcro pad against the line of glue.
Press the strip against the glue and hold it 3. Hold another bendable twist tie
vertically between both hands. Wrap the twist-tie around the headrest on its
left side. Push the end of the twist tie through the locking tab and pull it
back in the other direction to secure it around the headrest. Repeat this
procedure with another bendable twist tie on the right side of the headrest maxidiag
elite md802 updates. 4. Grab hold of the end of the twist tie on the left
side of the headrest that was pulled through the locking tab. Pull the end up at
a 45 degree angle with your fingers. Repeat this procedure with the bendable
twist tie that is on the right of the headrest. 5. Place a bath towel on a
table. Place the portable DVD player face down on the table. Examine the back of
the player to see if there are slots on each side, as is the case with those
players that have a front-mounted LCD screen. If there are no slots, place two
drops of bonding glue 1 inch in and halfway up the length of each side of the
player. Place a Velcro hooking pad on each of the glued spots. Press down on the
pads for a minute so that the bonding glue can take hold. Let the bonding glue
set for an hour before proceeding. 6. Measure up the length of the player from
the bottom left corner. Draw a horizontal line across the back of the player
from the halfway mark with a grease pencil. Apply a line of bonding glue on the
horizontal line. Place a strip of Velcro hooking material on the line and press
down for a minute to engage the glue. Let the glue set for an hour before
proceeding. 7. Hold the portable DVD player against the back of the passenger
seat's headrest. Insert the angled ends of the left and right twist ties into
the slots on the back of the player -- if there are no slots, place the angled
ends beneath the left and right sides of the player. Press the back of the
player against the horizontal twist tie on the headrest so that the Velcro
hooking pad and the strip of Velcro pad can meet. 8. Turn on the portable DVD
player, insert a DVD and watch it while in the car. Remove the angled ends of
the twist ties from the player and pull it free of the strip of Velcro when it
is time to exit the car. Tips & Warnings Watching any kind of video screen
while driving is against the law, as well as being extremely dangerous to do
while the car in is motion.
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January 14, 2015
What Are Brake Pads
What Are Brake Pads? Brake pads are the parts of a car's braking system that
actually take the brunt of the frictional force necessary to stop the car. In a
disc brake system, the brake pedal activates a hydraulic line which squeezes the
calipers against the rotors of the car's tires. Pads are positioned between the
calipers and the rotors to absorb the energy and heat, then provide enough grip
to stop the car. A good analogy for understanding disc brakes is a ten speed
bicycle. The handgrip under the rider's hand is like the brake pedal of a car.
As the rider squeezes this grip, cables pull two hinged pieces called calipers
together. The calipers themselves do not contact the rim of the tire, but two
rubber pieces do. These rubber shoes work much like automotive brake pads. The
metallic rim of the tire is essentially a rotor. The friction between the pads
and rotor is the key to stopping in a disc brake system. Eventually, however,
the rubber shoes of a bicycle and the brake pads of a car will wear down and
severely compromise the operator's safety. Brake pads were originally made with
organic ingredients such as asbestos and carbon, held together by a strong
resin. The use of asbestos was eventually banned by the US government, but some
non-metallic or organic versions are still sold. Only vehicles designed for
organic pads can use them, however. The same material used in bulletproof vests,
Kevlar(r), has replaced asbestos in non-metallic brake pads. Most brake pads
sold today are considered semi-metallic. Manufacturers often guard their actual
formulas autel
maxidiag elite md802 update, but in general these use copper, brass, and
steel wool shavings held together in a resin. Because they are primarily
metallic, they can last for thousands of miles. Their main drawback for drivers
is a higher incidence of grinding noises. This is largely unavoidable, since the
metal shavings must rub against steel rotors every time the brakes are applied.
Some after-market versions are marketed as quieter than the standard
semi-metallic brands. Brake pads often have special shims built into them to
deliberately create a grinding noise as they wear out, in order to alert drivers
to have them replaced as soon as possible. If the pads continue to grind, the
exposed metal of the caliper may carve out a channel in the rotor. If such
damage occurs, the entire rotor must either be replaced or turned. Mechanics can
shave off a thin layer of metal from the rotor to remove minor grooves md802
update. Since new rotors are relatively inexpensive, however, many mechanics
recommend replacing them entirely. New brake pads can be replaced in a few hours
if the owner has the tools and patience to perform the job. It is important to
apply a special lubricating grease between the new pads and the calipers to
avoid a hideous grinding noise. Calipers may also have to be readjusted to
accommodate the thickness of new pads.
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January 13, 2015
How to Decode Your Engine
How to Decode Your Engine's Serial Number If you are looking to repair your
vehicle's engine or simply want to find information and details about it, you
can use the engine's serial number to find the necessary information. The serial
number displayed on your engine helps shops discover the parts needed to perform
repairs on your vehicle. To decode and find information about your engine on
your own, you can use the Internet and accomplish this swiftly. Things You'll
Need VIN numberInstructions 1. Find your vehicle's engine serial number.
Depending on your vehicle's make, the serial number for your engine will be
displayed on the left, right, back or front region of your engine . Go to the
Texoma T's website (see Resources). This website runs a free query on your
engine's serial number. Click on the link that says "By Serial Number."3. Type
the engine serial number in the text field next to "Enter a Serial Number and
Press Enter maixidas
ds708."4. Click the "Run Query" tab to decode the serial & Warnings You
can also get information pertaining to your engine with your VIN number, which
is displayed on your vehicle's title or registration. To accomplish this with
your VIN, go to websites like GovDMVRecords, CARFAX or AutoCheck (see Resources)
and perform a VIN check. The information disclosed will include information
about your car's specific engine autel
maxisys mini.
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January 12, 2015
Measuring Tire Tread Depth with a Coin
Measuring Tire Tread Depth with a Coin . coins can be substituted for a tire
tread depth gauge as tires wear to the critical final few 32nds of an inch of
their remaining tread depth. Place a penny into several tread grooves across the
tire. If part of Lincoln's head is always covered by the tread, you have more
than 2/32" of tread depth remaining. Place a quarter into several tread grooves
across the tire autel
maxidiag elite md802. If part of Washington's head is always covered by the
tread, you have more than 4/32" of tread depth remaining. Place a penny into
several tread grooves across the tire. If the top of the Lincoln Memorial is
always covered by the tread, you have more than 6/32" of tread depth remaining.
Once you have determined the approximate remaining tread depth in the first
location, you can complete your measurement of each tire by placing the coin
into additional locations at least 15 inches apart around the tire's central
circumferential groove, as well as in its inner and outer grooves. This will
help detect uneven wear caused by mechanical or service conditions. The Law
According to most states' laws, tires are legally worn out when they have worn
down to 2/32" of remaining tread depth. To help warn drivers that their tires
have reached that point, tires sold in North America are required to have
indicators molded into their tread design called "wear bars" which run across
their tread pattern from their outside shoulder to inside shoulder. Wear bars
are designed to visually connect the elements of the tire's tread pattern and
warn drivers when their tires no longer meet minimum tread depth requirements.
Common Sense However, as a tire wears it's important to realize that the tire's
ability to perform in rain and snow will be reduced. With 2/32" of remaining
tread depth, resistance to hydroplaning in the rain at highway speeds has been
significantly reduced, and traction in snow has been virtually eliminated. If
rain and wet roads are a concern, you should consider replacing your tires when
they reach approximately 4/32" of remaining tread depth. Since water can't be
compressed, you need enough tread depth to allow rain to escape through the
tire's grooves. If the water can't escape fast enough, your vehicle's tires will
be forced to hydroplane (float) on top of the water, losing traction. If
snow-covered roads are a concern, you should consider replacing your tires when
they reach approximately 6/32" of remaining tread depth to maintain good
mobility. You need more tread depth in snow because your tires need to compress
the snow in their grooves and release it as they roll. If there isn't sufficient
tread depth, the "bites" of snow your tires can take on each revolution will be
reduced to "nibbles," and your vehicle's traction and mobility will be
sacrificed. Because tread depth is such an important element for snow traction,
winter tires usually start with noticeably deeper tread depths than typical
All-Season or summer tires. Some winter tires even have a second series of "wear
bars" molded in their tread pattern indicating approximately 6/32" remaining
tread depth to warn you when your tires no longer meet the desired tread depth maxidiag
elite md802.
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January 10, 2015
Ford Explorer Transmission Problem
Ford Explorer Transmission Problem? Q. Hi Vincent, I am experiencing a problem
with the transmission slipping. When I press on the gas from 0 mph it goes up
gradually to about 30 mph and then acceleration stops for a few seconds but the
rpm and engine rev sound goes up. After a few seconds, the speed goes up
normally from 30 mph and up. They tell me this is called slipping. Ford Explorer
Transmission Problem? This problem occurs at the same time as when I was having
a problem with the electrical system that was causing my car to stall
intermittently after an okay start. Under normal conditions, the high low
voltmeter on the dash is about 3/4 of the gauge markings and the car would run
okay. But intermittently, when I turn the car on it is only 1/4 of the voltmeter
gauge markings. When this happen the car still start okay and idle in park okay
but when I put it in drive, there is a big jolt in the transmission and the car
dies. This problem went away after a long trip. I had two professional mechanics
check the electrical system afterwards but they think I am going bonkers because
they cannot reproduce it and the standard electrical test they performed gave
okay results. I have been stalled for at least 5 or 6 times before the problem
went away. I just replaced the alternator anyways but I think the last one was
okay. The battery is 5 years old. I have been researching other Ford Explorer
owners and they seem to make me think that electrical problems maybe the cause
of the transmission slipping as it maybe disrupting computer control of the
transmission. I am praying that this the cause since it can avoid a $2, to $3,
problem. What do you think? Help... 1996 Ford Explorer liter V-6 ODB-II 133 autel
maxisys pro,000 miles Automatic transmission Thanks... A. On the surface it
does sound like an internal transmission problem. But after thinking about the
voltage readings you say the gauge is giving you, I think it would be well worth
some time and effort to check the electrical side first. Computers and control
units are funny critters; they need a minimum voltage to operate properly. Go
below that voltage and they are just so much metal and chips. What we need to do
is get a reliable voltage reading to see where it's at. Run a pair of wires from
the positive and negative terminals of the battery and run them into the truck.
Speaker wire is good enough for this purpose and will be a bit neater. Then hook
up a digital voltmeter to the wires doing what you have to do to insulate the
ends so it doesn't short out autel
maxidas ds708 update. An inline 20 amp fuse on the positive side would be a
great safety precaution. Now when you get in and start the vehicle, you can see
what the actual voltage is and then see if there is a correlation between the
transmission problem and battery voltage. If all is fine when battery voltage is
normal, and the transmission acts up when battery voltage is low, then you can
safely assume there is a charging system problem. If it happens regardless of
batter voltage, then I would look at the transmission control system and
possibly the transmission itself. And a five year old battery should be
replaced, especially at this time of year.
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January 09, 2015
How long do car tires last
How long do car tires last? byAkweli Parker Car Tire Maintenance Would you like
a way to save a few hundred bucks a year on car-related expenses, with no cash
out of your pocket? Just keep your tires inflated at the recommended pressure.
It's estimated that correct tire inflation can result in a percent increase in
fuel efficiency autel
maxisys mini. According to some sources, that's good for about $2 of savings
at every fill-up. And if you factor in increased tire life, your savings are
even greater [source: Allen]. Tire pressure gauges are inexpensive, available at
any auto parts store and are easy to use. Vehicles built in the United States
after Sept. 1, 2007, have been required to have tire pressure monitoring systems
built-in. But how do you know what the correct pressure is? If you've ever taken
a close look at your car, you probably noticed the assortment of auto part
information located on stickers or stamped onto the car itself. The government
requires that this car part information be visible, so that consumers or someone
servicing the car will know the correct specifications for making adjustments or
for replacing various car parts. This information is easy to find for your
tires. On cars sold in the United States, you can locate information about the
original equipment tires in many places -- sometimes it's in the front door
jamb, or it might be on the glove box door. You'll always find it in the vehicle
owner's manual and on the tires themselves, too. Since quality tires can be
expensive, this is an area where extending car part longevity as much as
possible makes good sense. Keeping your tires at adequate pressure -- no more
and no less -- is a no-brainer then. You'll find the maximum tire pressure
listed in both metric kilopascals (kPa) and in pounds per square inch (psi) autel
maxiscan ms609. If the owner's manual or door sticker differs from what's on
the actual tire, always go by the information on the tire. Remember to measure
tire pressure when the tires are "cold," that is, prior to making any trips.
Driving heats up the air in the tires, causing it to expand. Also, inflate your
tires to the recommended level, not to the maximum pressure listed. Inflating
all the way to the listed maximum means that they could be dangerously
overinflated during driving and cause an accident. Changing your oil and
antifreeze at scheduled intervals are well-known ways to increase auto part
longevity. Clean fluids mean that the engine and all the components attached to
it don't have to work as hard. In that same vein, it's a good idea to rotate
your tires about every 5,000 to 8,000 miles (8,047 to 12,875 kilometers).
Rotating your tires allows the tread to wear evenly so that you get more useful
life from your tires. Provided you know how to safely use a jack and jack
stands, rotating your own tires is a simple maintenance procedure. This tire
rotation chart (midway down the page) from the NHTSA shows proper tire rotation
on front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive and four-wheel drive vehicles.
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January 08, 2015
Diesel Engine Problems Using Extra Low Sulfur Fuel
Diesel Engine Problems Using Extra Low Sulfur Fuel Low sulfur diesel is in many
ways an improvement of old high-sulfur diesel, but it isn't free of problems.
The sulfur in older fuels combines with nickel in the engine to create a molten
alloy that enhances lubricity, a property that engineers anticipated when
designing engines for the fuels. While engines and vehicles designed
specifically for use with ULSD work well with it, the fuel hasn't proven very
popular with owners of older power plants. Lower Lubricity This is by far the
biggest problem with ULSD. Diesel fuel, being essentially dinosaur juice,
contains a certain amount of naturally occurring sulfur, which acts as a
lubricant for your fuel system and engine in the same way antifreeze does for
your cooling system; running without it is like running your engine and fuel
pump without oil. The fuel pump, being essentially a tiny model of the diesel,
is especially susceptible to loss of lubrication, since fuel is the only
lubrication it has. Consequences of Lower Lubricity Fuel pump damage is one of
the more inevitable consequences of using ULSD, but it isn't the most severe.
Two-stroke engines in particular are especially dependent upon sulfur as a
lubricant, and running without the sulfur or something equivalent can easily
result in premature cylinder bore and piston ring wear. While that may seem a
bit far off, here's something that will hit you in the pocketbook today:
according to one test conducted by "Diesel Power," loss of lubricity alone was
enough to reduce fuel efficiency by a whopping 7 percent. And, as a an added
perk, the nitrile rubber seals used in many fuel systems rely on sulfur to keep
them swelled up and sealing. Depriving them of sulfur can result in almost
immediate fuel leaks and seal failures in the pump. Fuel Cetane Rating Fuels
come with two basic ratings. Octane -- the fuel's ability to resist premature
detonation -- you're familiar with, but is far less relevant to diesels than
cetane rating. Cetane is a measure of ignition delay ds708
update price, or the period between when the fuel enters the engine and when
it actually ignites. Higher cetane numbers mean less ignition delay, which means
more complete and efficient combustion. Removing sulfur involves flooding the
fuel with hydrogen, which drops the cetane number by 5 to 10 points.
Consequences of Cetane Rating There are two primary issues with ULSD's lower
cetane rating. The first is the loss of cetane itself, which causes a
significant drop in fuel economy and possibly horsepower. Interestingly, that
loss in fuel economy equates to an increase in hydrocarbon emissions, which sort
of defeats the purpose of ULSD. The second major problem is that different fuel
manufacturers use differing methods of removing the sulfur, and with varying
levels of efficiency. This means that you might be getting 50 cetane fuel at one
gas pump, and 40 at the next. Fuel Additives There are a number of additives on
the market designed to allow older diesel engines to operate with ULSD fuels;
it's a growth market, to be sure, considering the average diesel's service life
and the fairly recent standardization of ULSD. In the "Diesel Power" test, the
author saw the test truck's fuel economy rise from mpg with straight ULSD to
with a simple switch to two-stroke diesel with lubricant in it. Switching to a
specialized additive with a synthetic lubricant and cetane booster brought fuel
economy up to a respectable miles per gallon. Biodiesel While the EPA does have
a long history of good intentions, fuels like ULSD serve to illustrate the
drawbacks inherent to the short-term bandages they're willing to accept. The
future of diesel, to one extent or another probably lies in the production of
biodiesel. Biodiesel -- produced by processing vegetable oil and other naturally
occurring seed oils -- offers incredible lubricity, even compared to the
eutectics produced when sulfur combines with nickel. The cheapest biodiesel has
a cetane rating of about 48, as high as 63 depending upon the manufacturer md802
update. It contains no sulfur whatsoever, and it's even fully renewable.
Break out the sunshine and rainbows; somewhere up North, polar bears are
smiling.
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January 07, 2015
Cooling system
Cooling system Written by: The Editors of Encyclop?dia Britannica Cooling
system, apparatus employed to keep the temperature of a structure or device from
exceeding limits imposed by needs of safety and efficiency. If overheated, the
oil in a mechanical transmission loses its lubricating capacity, while the fluid
in a hydraulic coupling or converter leaks under the pressure created. In an
electric motor, overheating causes deterioration of the insulation. The pistons
in an overheated internal-combustion engine may seize (stick) in the cylinders.
Cooling systems are employed in automobiles autel
ds708, industrial plant machinery, nuclear reactors, and many other types of
machinery. (For a treatment of cooling systems used in buildings, see
air-conditioning.) The cooling agents customarily employed are air and a liquid
(usually water or a solution of water and antifreeze), either alone or in
combination. In some cases, direct contact with ambient air (free convection)
may be sufficient; in other cases, it may be necessary to employ forced-air
convection, created either by a fan or by the natural motion of the hot body.
Liquid is typically moved through a continuous loop in the cooling system by a
pump. In a transmission, if the surface area of the housing (container) is
sufficiently large compared with the power lost, or if the transmission is in a
moving vehicle, there is usually adequate free convection and no need for
artificial cooling. To augment the cooling effect by increasing the surface
area, the housing may be provided with thin metal fins. On some stationary
mechanical transmissions, it may be necessary to circulate the lubricating oil
through pipes surrounded by cold water or to use a fan to blow air through pipes
surrounded by the oil in the reservoir. On many electric motors, a fan is
attached to the rotating element to create a current of cooling air through the
housing. In an automobile, the motion of the vehicle provides sufficient
forced-convection cooling for the transmission and the gears in the rear axle;
in the engine, however, so much energy is released that, except for some early
models and certain small cars with low-powered engines autel
maxidas ds708, air cooling is inadequate, and a water cooling system
(radiator) is required. A typical automotive cooling system comprises (1) a
series of channels cast into the engine block and cylinder head, surrounding the
combustion chambers with circulating liquid to carry away heat; (2) a radiator,
consisting of many small tubes equipped with a honeycomb of fins to convect heat
rapidly, that receives and cools hot liquid from the engine; (3) a water pump,
usually of the centrifugal type, to circulate the liquid through the system; (4)
a thermostat to control temperature by varying the amount of liquid going to the
radiator; and (5) a fan to draw fresh air through the radiator. To prevent
freezing, an antifreeze solution is either added to or substituted for water. To
raise the boiling point of the solution, the cooling system is usually
pressurized by means of a pressure cap on the radiator with valves that open
outwardly at a prescribed pressure and inwardly to prevent a vacuum as the
system cools.
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January 06, 2015
Car Dashboard Functions
Car Dashboard Functions Whether you're a novice or experienced driver, you must
pay attention to your car's dashboard functions to keep track of important
information about your car. The items on your car's dashboard remind you when
it's time to get gas, tell you how fast you're going, and warn you if there
might be a problem with your car maxidiag
elite md802. Gauges Most of the room on your car dashboard is taken up with
different gauges that provide a variety of functions. Car dashboard gauges
include: the speedometer, tachometer, fuel gauge, temperature gauge and
odometer. Typically located on the dashboard directly in front of the steering
wheel, these gauges are the items on your dashboard of which you should be most
aware. The speedometer tells you the vehicle's speed. The tachometer shows you
the rpm of your engine. The fuel gauge informs you how much gas you have. The
temperature gauge lets you know if your engine is overheating, and the odometer
tells you how far you've driven. Additional gauges for features, like oil, may
also appear among your dashboard gauges. Warning Lights Keep an eye on your
dashboard for the dashboard warning lights. If a warning light comes on, you
typically need to take your car to a mechanic to identify the problem causing
the light to illuminate autel
md801. Warning lights can turn on for simple problems, like you need an oil
change, or more serious issues, such as engine problems. Your dashboard
typically includes at least one warning light for the engine, battery, coolant,
fuel, brakes, anti-lock brake system, seat belt, door and air bag. Additional
lights may also illuminate for functions like the parking brake. Advanced
Functions The advent of technology is resulting in more features being added to
a car's dashboard. Some cars now include advanced features, such as cameras to
help drivers back up, jacks for mp3 devices, global positioning systems (GPS),
digital music players and Internet access.
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